Pediatric Neurology: Chapter 128. Neurological expression of genetic immunodeficiencies and of opportunistic infections

Pediatric Neurology: Chapter 128. Neurological expression of genetic immunodeficiencies and of opportunistic infections
ISBN-10
0128079290
ISBN-13
9780128079294
Series
Pediatric Neurology
Category
Medical
Pages
544
Language
English
Published
2013-04-23
Publisher
Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Authors
Tardieu Marc, Rostasy Kevin

Description

Immunodeficiencies may result from genetic defects or may be acquired after viral infection or therapeutic immunosuppression. In either case, neurological symptoms are frequent. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), previously designated as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), results usually from genetic defects impairing the cytotoxicity of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Neurological symptoms may be the first and only manifestation of the disease. The neurological and neuroradiological aspects of MAS, if isolated, may closely resemble those of other central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or encephalitis. An early treatment including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can prevent further brain lesions. The main infections of the CNS observed in conjunction with therapeutic immunosuppression are described. It is important to know which phase of immunosuppression the child is in at the time of suspected CNS infection and always to consider that a relapse of the primary tumor may mimic a CNS infection.

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