In 1954, Charles Townes invented the laser's microwave cousin, the maser. The next logical step was to extend the same physical principles to the shorter wavelengths of light, but the idea did not catch fire until October 1957, when Townes asked Gordon Gould about Gould's research on using light to excite thallium atoms. Each took the idea and ran with it. The independent-minded Gould sought the fortune of an independent inventor; the professorial Townes sought the fame of scientific recognition. Townes enlisted the help of his brother-in-law, Arthur Schawlow, and got Bell Labs into the race. Gould turned his ideas into a patent application and a million-dollar defense contract. They soon had company. Ali Javan, one of Townes's former students, began pulling 90-hour weeks at Bell Labs with colleague Bill Bennett. And far away in California a bright young physicist named Ted Maiman became a very dark horse in the race. While Schawlow proclaimed that ruby could never make a laser, Maiman slowly convinced himself it would. As others struggled with recalcitrant equipment and military secrecy, Maiman built a tiny and elegant device that fit in the palm of his hand. His ruby laser worked the first time he tried it, on May 16, 1960, but afterwards he had to battle for acceptance as the man who made the first laser. Beam is a fascinating tale of a remarkable and powerful invention that has become a symbol of modern technology.
This book will explore Erlang's unique approach to building a virtual machine, demonstrating how to take advantage of its power and tune it to fit your needs.
This book features family history and the evolution of bourbon, including Fred's storied youth "growing up Beam" in Bardstown, Kentucky; his transition from the bottling line to renowned global bourbon ambassador; and his valuable business ...
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Daniel Halwidl presents the development of an effusive molecular beam apparatus, which allows the dosing of gases, liquids, and solids in ultra-high vacuum.
J, who feels like a boy mistakenly born as a girl, runs away from his best friend who has rejected him and the parents he thinks do not understand him when he finally decides that it is time to be who he really is.
Describes the lovepath, the author's process for finding and maintaining true love.
When properly reinforced with longitudinal bars and closed stirrups , such a beam will exhibit a well - developed pattern of diagonal cracks close to the ultimate load and eventually fail in a mode that may be idealized as bending about ...
A beam is incident upon an optical system that may consist of one or more elements. The optical system must operate upon ... For coherent beams, the designer may or may not want to constrain the phase of the beam at the output plane.
This work also includes authoritative information onGaussian beam diameters and optical design of components and systems relating tooptical disk data storage.Containing time-saving chapter introductions and summaries, numerous illustrations ...
Several materials (such as silicon, glass, polymer, metals and ceramics) on which the micro-channel fabrication is required are used in different kinds of applications. The choice of material depends on the requirements and systems ...