Necessity and proportionality hold a firm place in the international law governing the use of force by states, as well as in the law of armed conflict. However, the precise contours of these two requirements are uncertain and controversial. The aim of Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law is to explore how necessity and proportionality manifest themselves in the modern world under the law governing the use of force and the law of armed conflict, and how they relate to each other. The book explores the ways in which necessity and proportionality are applied in practice and addresses pressing legal issues in the law on the use of force, including the controversial "unwilling and unable" test for the use of force in self-defense, drones and targeted killing, the application of this legal regime during civil war, and the need for further transparency in states' justification for the use of force in self-defense. The analysis of the role of military necessity within the law of armed conflict on the modern battlefield focuses on the history and nature of the principle of military necessity, the proper application of the principle of proportionality, how commanders should account for mental harm in calculating proportionality, and the role artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons systems may play in proportionality analysis. The book concludes with a discussion of the potential role of proportionality in the law governing post-conflict contexts.
This book provides a much-needed detailed analysis of those requirements, and a coherent and up-to-date account of the applicable contemporary international law in this field.
This book examines the conceptual meaning, content, and practical application of necessity and proportionality as they relate to the right of self-defence following the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945.
Against the background of these recent armed conflicts, this 2004 book offers the first comprehensive assessment of the twin requirements of proportionality and necessity as legal restraints on the forceful actions of States.
See, further, Bowett, supra n.9, at 186 and R.W. Tucker, 'Reprisals and Self-Defense: The Customary Law', (1972) 66 AJIL 586, ... Court of Justice called 'a complex construction' by Israel in its advisory opinion (ibid., at 164 (para.
Provides a multi-perspective study of the international law on self-defence against non-State actors.
In The Morality of War: Classical and Contemporary Readings, edited by Larry May et al., p. 164. London: Pearson Education. Brandon, Mark E. 2005. “War and the American Constitutional Order.” In The Constitution in Wartime: Beyond ...
1. Introduction 2. What is Proportionality? 3. Proportionality: A Multiplicity of Meanings 4. Proportionality in the Just War Tradition 5. Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law 6.
This book challenges the unacceptable gap between the positive rules of the international law governing armed hostilities and actual state practice.
The most significant discourse about serious threats to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century will likely concern the military capabilities and intentions of nonstate actors, acting either for themselves,...
Examines the difficulties in applying international law to recent armed conflicts known as 'new wars'.