From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. In the early 1960s W. D. Hamilton changed the way we think about how such behaviour evolves. He introduced three key innovations - now known as 'Hamilton's rule,' 'kin selection,' and 'inclusive fitness' - and his pioneering work kick-started a research programme now known as social evolution theory. His work has been enormously influential, but remains the subject of fierce controversy. This is a book about the philosophical foundations and future prospects of social evolution theory. In Part I, 'Foundations', Jonathan Birch provides a careful exposition and defence of Hamilton's ideas, with a few modifications along the way. In Part II, 'Extensions', Birch shows how these ideas can be applied to phenomena including cooperation in microorganisms, cooperation among the cells of a multicellular organism, and culturally evolved cooperation in the earliest human societies. Birch argues that real progress can be made in understanding microbial evolution, evolutionary transitions, and human evolution by viewing them through the lens of social evolution theory, provided the theory is interpreted with care and adapted where necessary. This book, the first book-length philosophical study of Hamilton's ideas, places social evolution theory on a firm philosophical footing and sets out exciting new directions for further work. It is essential reading for philosophers of science, evolutionary biologists, and evolutionary social scientists. -- from dust jacket.
本书是作者的第一部学术著作, 也是他研究社会和政治学说的主要著作之一.政如作者本人所言, 这部著作"包含了自1850年以来已经有很大发展的一些思想或思想的萌芽."
本书是作者的第一部学术著作, 也是他研究社会和政治学说的主要著作之一.政如作者本人所言, 这部著作"包含了自1850年以来已经有很大发展的一些思想或思想的萌芽."
They must find out what happened to Talin and what has become of their captain, and prove to Starfleet that they did not violate the Prime Directive, Starfleet's highest law.
Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology
Even Today, Social Darwinism Is Regar-Ded As A Systematic Approach To The Study Of Social Change Both By Way Of Description And Explanation. It Is Hoped That The Observations And Findings Of This Book Will Be Helpful In Future Research.