How did China move swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to largest manufacturer and exporter? This book argues that industrial subsidies contributed significantly. Economic theories have portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses, central and provincial governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets. Concepts of state capitalism include market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder. The authors measure subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth and effects of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and protection from subsidized foreign competitors, and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The solar industry highlights how decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
本书首次汇集作者的整个学术成就,即是唯一一部提供这位学院派思想家的著作概观、显示其思想发展的书:从他对当代非洲政治与社会变迁的开拓性研究、现代世界体系的分析 ...
See A. Marshall (1890) 1920. There are over a dozen references to Hume in Edgeworth's papers on probability and economics, and they reflect a solid command of Hume. See Mirowski 1994, 457. Hume 1906. Spencer (2005,283–99) offers a ...
But as Folsom points out, the most successful entrepreneurs, such as James Jerome Hill, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller, were neither robber barons nor “political entrepreneurs.” They were “market entrepreneurs”—honest ...
Among other virtues,Cronon's book is a model of how to understand economy, politics, and society as a whole fabric, rather than in the narrow slices created by separate aca- demic disciplines.Another rewarding book on the colonial ...
Conservative Capitalism in Britain and the United States: A Critical Appraisal
... Chapter 10 in Applied Economics , Macmillan , 1998 . Griffiths , A. and Wall , S. , Chapter 13 in Applied Economics , Pearson , 8th edn , 1999 . Munday , S. , Chapter 7 in Current Developments in 118 Markets and Market Failure.
In this third edition of Capitalism and Classical Social Theory, John Bratton and David Denham build on the classical triumvirate--Karl Marx, ?mile Durkheim, and Max Weber--by extending the conversation to include early female theorists ...
This very readable book by a distinguished economist, Wall Street Journal editor, and Assistant Secretary of the US Treasury is a major challenge both to economic theory and to media explanations of the ongoing 21st century economic crisis.
Niangui , L'organisation sociale et politique des gwa de Côte d'Ivoire ( Abidjan : Université Nationale de Côte ... J. P. Chauveau and J. Richard , Organisation soci - économique gban et économie de plantation ( Abidjan : ORSTOM ...
Savage , S.P. and Robins , L. ( eds . ) , Public Policy Under Thatcher , MacMillan , London , p.46 . industries but to promote free - market ideas and supply 152 The New Unemployed Industrial Policy.