Over the past decade, a small group of economists has challenged traditional wisdom about international trade. "Rethinking International Trade provides a coherent account of this research program and traces the key steps in an exciting new trade theory that offers, among other possibilities, new arguments against free trade. Krugman's introduction is a valuable guide to research that has delved anew into the causes of international trade and reopened basic questions about the international pattern of specialization, the effects of protectionism, and what constitutes an optimal trade policy In the four sections that follow, he takes a revisionary look at the causes of international trade, and discusses growth and the role of history, technological change and trade, and strategic trade policy. Essays in part I review and challenge the theories of Ricardo and his successors, rethinking a 160-year tradition of looking at international trade. Models are presented in which trade frequently arises because of opportunities to exploit increasing returns through exports rather than from comparative advantage. In part II, Krugman traces the resulting pattern of trade specialization not only to the influence of comparative advantage but also to more arbitrary factors such as historical events, the rachet effect of cumulative processes, technological changes, and temporary economic shocks. Part III expands on the theme of technological change as a key factor in determining the pattern of specialization in international trade and addresses questions about the effects of innovation, or lack of it, on a country's international trade position. The concluding essays examine the issue of protectionismalong with other elements of trade policy, showing how protectionist policies, used as an export enhancement device by some national governments, may shift world specialization to the advantage of the protectionist nations. Paul R. Krugman is Professor of Economics at MIT.
Barbara Emadi-Coffin seeks to explain this contradiction through a radical new theory.
37 In so doing, the new trade theory helped explain the great majority of trade that takes place in the global economy—between countries with similar resource ... See P. Krugman, Rethinking International Trade (Cambridge, Mass.
Though it contains no equations, Understanding Global Trade is mathematical in its elegance, precision, and power of expression.
Hall, I. (2006) The International Thought of Martin Wight (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). Halliday, F. (1987) 'State and Society in International Relations', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 16(2): 215–29. Halliday ...
Thinking creatively about how to reform the current economic system, this book will be essential reading for those interested in building sustainable alternatives at local, regional and global levels.
This book contributes to this worldwide discussion by providing readers at all levels with thoughtful contributions on a range of economic topics.
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For a general overview of the implications of Burke's theories for international relations see John Vincent, 'Edmund Burke and the theory of international relations', Review of International Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, July 1984, pp.