Liberalism, in the nineteenth-century sense of the term, came to Austria much later than it came to western Europe, for it was not until the 1840s that the industrial revolution reached the Hapsburg Empire, bringing in its train miserable working conditions and economic upheaval, which created bitter resentment among the working classes and a longing for a Utopia that would cure the ills of mankind. This new-found liberalism, largely self-contained and uninfluenced by liberal movements outside the empire, centered mainly in the idea of individual freedom and constitutional monarchism. In the end, the revolution failed because the moderates proved too weak to control the radical excesses, and the radicals in growing desperation tried to turn the rebel idea into a democratic and, at the extreme, a republican one. Fear of this extremism finally drove the moderates into the counterrevolutionary camp. Since the Viennese rebels fought to achieve many of the goals fundamental to democracy, historians have generally tended to idealize the revolutionaries and forget their shortcomings. R. John Rath has sought to evaluate the revolution from the point of view of the political ideologies of 1848 rather than those of the mid-twentieth century. Moreover, he has clearly and objectively stated the case for both the left and the right, pointing out the failures and shortcomings of each. At its publication, this was the first detailed English-language book on the Viennese Revolution of 1848 in more than a hundred years. The author has not confined himself to the bare bones of history. In his descriptions of the times and lively portrayals of the chief actors of the revolution, he has vividly restaged a drama of an ideal that failed.
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In this book the author discusses revolutions in Europe in 1848 through the perspective of the common man.
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These essays arose out of lectures given in Oxford to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the 1848 revolutions in Europe. They comprise summaries of the existing state of knowledge, new insights and unfamiliar information.
To help ensure Polish independence from the Germans, and to further solidify their loyalty to Rome, the papacy around the year 1000 granted the Poles their own Catholic archbishop under Rome's direct authority, thus removing any German ...
To commemorate the 1848 revolution in a spirit of renewed critical inquiry, an international team of prominent historians have come together to produce what must be the most comprehensive work on this topic to date and to offer a synthesis ...
European History: 1789 to 1848 includes the French Revolution, the era of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna, the Industrial Revolution, the impact of thought systems on the European world, the Concert of Europe, and the failure of the ...
The Prague Uprising of 1848 was part of the powerful series of revolutions that shook practically the entire European Continent as the middle classes and urban and rural workers pressed against the rule of aristocrats and monarchs.
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The Revolutions of 1848: Germany, Austria, and Italy