Although much work has been performed on measure ments and interpretation of light absorption by opaque or nearly opaque solids, it is surprising to note that until recently relatively little reliable experimental data, and much less theoretical work was available on the nature of transparent solids. This, in spite of the fact that a vast majority of engineering and device ap plications of a solid depend on its optical transparency. Needless to say, all solids are both transparent and opa que depending on the spectral region of consideration. The absorption processes that limit the transparency of a solid are either due to lattice vibrations, as in ionic or partially ionic solids, or due to electronic transi tions, both intrinsic and impurity-induced. For most materials, a sufficiently wide spectral window exists be tween these two limits, where the material is transpar ent. In general, the absorption coefficient, in the long wavelength side of, but sufficiently away from, the fun damental absorption edge, is relatively structureless and has an exponential dependence on frequency. Recent evi dence suggests that in the short wavelength side of the one-phonon region, but beyond two- or three-phonon sin gularities, the absorption coefficient of both polar and nonpolar solids is also relatively structureless and de pends exponentially on frequency.
Wastewater Treatment and Separation Methods
Principles, Protocols, and Architecture
7.8 Cris E. Hill , " All Digital Fractional - N Synthesizer for High Resolution Phase Locked Loops , ” Applied Microwave & Wireless , November / December 1997 and January / February 1998 . 7.9 Bar - Giora Goldberg , “ Analog and Digital ...
Converter - equaliser ( see also winders ) 123-126 Conveyors 113–114 , 158 Coulson , P.B. ( see Mavor & Coulson ) 81 Crompton , R.E.B. 26 , 51 , 94 Cunynghame , Henry H.S. 136 Davis , H. 74–77 passim Davy , Sir Humphry 16 , 17 , 24 ...
Electric Circuits
Explosive growth of wireless communications is demanding increased system capacity for mobile communications satellites - and the expert authors of this first-of-a-kind book explore a promising, cost-effective solution: digital beamforming ...
Bibliography O'Shea , D. , W. Callen , and W. Rhodes , An Introduction to Lasers and Their Applications , Addison - Wesley , Reading , 1977 . Siegman , A. , Lasers , University Science Books , Mill Valley , 1986 .
Biomedical/Electrical Engineering Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Signal Processing Perspective A volume in the IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering Metin Akay, Series Editor Since its inception in 1971, MRI has developed ...
自动驾驶汽车最重要的主控计算机被安排在后车厢,这里除了用于运算的计算机外,还有拓普康(日本一家负责工业测距和经营医疗器械的厂商)的测距信息综合器,这套核心装备将负责汽车的行驶路线、方式的判断和执行。自动驾驶汽车技术由斯坦福大学教授、谷歌副 ...
Moore's Law ( named after Intel cofounder Gordon Moore ) states that the number of circuits packed into a given area of a silicon chip doubles approximately every eighteen months , leading to a similar improvement in processing power .