In the summer of 1956, ten young scientists, some barely out of their doctoral studies, sat down to consider the astounding proposition that "every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can, in principle, be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it". Armed with their own enthusiasm, the excitement of the idea itself, and an infusion of government money, they predicted that the whole range of human intelligence would be programmable within their own lifetimes. Nearly half a century later, the field has grown exponentially - with mixed results. Based on extensive interviews with the major players, including Marvin Minsky, Herbert Simon, Allen Newell, Raj Reddy, and Patrick Winston, AI is part intellectual history, part business history. Rich with anecdotes about the founders and leaders of the field and their celebrated feuds and intellectual gamesmanship, the book chronicles their dramatic successes ("expert" systems, robotics, "smart" technologies, and even world-class chess playing) and their equally dramatic failures (language processing, learning), and shows how early in the next century researchers hope to teach their computers "common sense", the next necessary breakthrough. The story of AI is an exhilarating saga of new programs and new hardware, yet it is also the story of a slow but steady acquisition of knowledge about how humans think. Daniel Crevier traces AI's emergence from the fields of philosophy, mathematics, psychology, and neurology, chronicling the development of primitive computing devices and ultimately the creation of a brave new world described chiefly in acronyms: SOAR, Cyc, EURISKO, among others. The quest for artificialintelligence raises profound issues about the nature of mind and soul as well as fascinating philosophical questions. Will we humans one day have to share our world with entities smarter than ourselves? And can we rely on these creations to make vital decisions for us - business, scientific, legal, and even moral choices? Crevier discusses these questions with the leaders of AI, and they offer some surprising answers.
Dr. Williams discusses his own work and that of such contemporaries as Pound and Eliot and reveals his thoughts on a wide variety of twentieth-century concerns
絕對不要忽略平凡的事物,那可能是你獲得諾貝爾獎的線索 諾貝爾生醫獎得主巴里•馬歇爾親撰 諾貝爾獎得主親自對話,示範科學素養 建立閱讀理解的最佳讀物 培養自主學習能力 ...
科學新聞》雜誌(Science News)2018年度選書 《富比世》(Forbes)雜誌2018年腦科學必讀選書 暢銷書《基因:人類最親密的歷史》作者辛達塔.穆克吉盛讚 我們是怎麼發現荷爾蒙的? ...
Amy Griffin Monica Mouton Sanders M.Angela Casady Jennifer Smith Burden Tom Luster See also: Adolescent Pregnancy and Prevention; Prenatal Decision Making by Adolescents; Sexual Abstinence References and Further Reading Child Trends.
Thus, Turner's study (ref. 83) makes a case that Hitler's accession was by no means inevitable and that ... X as with so much in the mythology of his Third Reich, the belief that January 30”, 1933, marked a seizure of power was spurious ...
We also present the Pearson r coefficient on the same two relationships , which will facilitate the comparison we will make next . In using the Pearson r statistic , these two economic trade - off questions continue to be positively ...
我們多次要求資訊與圖片,札里洛有無窮的耐心,無論多麼晦澀難解,他都能迅速回應。在為威爾金斯的論文編目時,倫敦國王學院的奧佛(Christopher Olver)非常幫忙,主管為布洛維爾(Geoff Browell)。克里克的論文保存於維康信託基金會(Wellcome Trust), ...
Newman , G. ( 1992 ) Future prospects for whole - crop cereals in the UK . ... In : Hewitt , H.G. , Tyson , D. , Hollomon , D.W. , Smith , J.M. , Davies , W.P. and Dixon K.R. ( eds ) A Vital Role for Fungicides in Cereal Production .
Volume 2: Management, Use and Value of Wetlands Donal D. Hook, W. H. Mckee Jr, H. K. Smith, J. Gregory, V. G. Burrell Jr, ... Chapter Thirty - four AQUACULTURE IN MANGROVE WETLANDS : A PERSPECTIVE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA James P. McVey ...
... George W. 318 Neal , Lonnie G. 126 , 312 Nickerson , William J. 11 Nokes , Clarence 121 Page , Lionel F. 356 ... Wanda Anne A. 150 Small , Isadore , III 135 Smart , Brinay 106 Smith , Jonathan S. , II 312 Smith , Morris Leslie 312 ...