From about 1850, American women physicians won gradual acceptance from male colleagues and the general public, primarily as caregivers to women and children. By 1920, they represented approximately five percent of the profession. But within a decade, their niche in American medicine—women’s medical schools and medical societies, dispensaries for women and children, women’s hospitals, and settlement house clinics—had declined. The steady increase of women entering medical schools also halted, a trend not reversed until the 1960s. Yet, as women’s traditional niche in the profession disappeared, a vanguard of women doctors slowly opened new paths to professional advancement and public health advocacy.
Drawing on rich archival sources and her own extensive interviews with women physicians, Ellen More shows how the Victorian ideal of balance influenced the practice of healing for women doctors in America over the past 150 years. She argues that the history of women practitioners throughout the twentieth century fulfills the expectations constructed within the Victorian culture of professionalism. Restoring the Balance demonstrates that women doctors—collectively and individually—sought to balance the distinctive interests and culture of women against the claims of disinterestedness, scientific objectivity, and specialization of modern medical professionalism. That goal, More writes, reaffirmed by each generation, lies at the heart of her central question: what does it mean to be a woman physician?
... George W. 318 Neal , Lonnie G. 126 , 312 Nickerson , William J. 11 Nokes , Clarence 121 Page , Lionel F. 356 ... Wanda Anne A. 150 Small , Isadore , III 135 Smart , Brinay 106 Smith , Jonathan S. , II 312 Smith , Morris Leslie 312 ...
... 191.96 Don Garlits Zeuschel / Fuller / Don Moody Masters / Richter / Bob Haines 192.30 1963 7.77 Greer / Black / Don Prudhomme Masters / Richter / Bob Haines 196.92 1982 256.41 5.54 1983 257.14 5.39 1984 264.70 1985 Don APPENDIX 2 341.
Technology and the Visual Arts in the Nineteenth Century
Is scientific theory really just a matter of persuasion? Do scientists merely invent rather than discover? Do scientists merely invent rather than discover? Indeed, do brute facts of nature gain meaning only within a rhetorical context?
Billy , 144 , 145 , 150 , 154 Mitchell , Charles , 154 Mitman , Gregg , 121 Moffett , Adm . William , 154 Mönichkirchen , 121 Monroe Doctrine , 186 Monte Rosa , 43 Montesquieu , Baron de ( Charles de Secondat ) , 6 , 228 , 229 ...
現代文明最重要、最複雜、最難以述說的一段歷史。 左右人類命運的,不是神,而是科學大轉折! 史詩般壯闊、細膩交錯編織的科學發展史。 ...
C .帕莫( ) ,美國陸軍你戴爾電腦公司( )有什麼點子?菲利絲.麥康奈爾( ) ,如果這些辦法都無效,怎麼辦?接下來怎麼辦?雪莉.賈瑞特( ) ,專業講師及作家我們如何贏得這個顧客的喝采?艾薇.馬修( ) ,考克斯傳播公司( )人力資源公司( )你今天要如何影響組織, ...
恒星照相从 1857年由邦德开始实验以后,在60年代由英国天文爱好者沃伦·德拉鲁(公元1815~1889年)和美国的刘易斯·莫里斯·拉瑟弗德(公元1816~1892年)继续发展着,他们拍到了星团(如昴星团)的优秀照片。但是首先拍得一大批恒星照片的天文学家当推美国的杰.
當時已經以格林威治的皇家天文臺為中心。是無所不通的虎克所計畫的;當時他與雷恩爵士在大火( Great Fire )之後再建倫敦。航海者離岸很遠時,要定出自己的位置(經、緯度) ,就可以把他對星星的讀數與格林威治的讀數比較。
Renaissance diplomat and part-time spy, William Hakluyt was also England's first serious geographer, gathering together a wealth of accounts about the wide-ranging travels and discoveries of the sixteenth-century English.