The modern, centralized American state was supposedly born in the Great Depression of the 1930s. Kimberley S. Johnson argues that this conventional wisdom is wrong. Cooperative federalism was not born in a Big Bang, but instead emerged out of power struggles within the nation's major political institutions during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Examining the fifty-two years from the end of Reconstruction to the beginning of the Great Depression, Johnson shows that the "first New Federalism" was created during this era from dozens of policy initiatives enacted by a modernizing Congress. The expansion of national power took the shape of policy instruments that reflected the constraints imposed by the national courts and the Constitution, but that also satisfied emergent policy coalitions of interest groups, local actors, bureaucrats, and members of Congress. Thus, argues Johnson, the New Deal was not a decisive break with the past, but rather a superstructure built on a foundation that emerged during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. Her evidence draws on an analysis of 131 national programs enacted between 1877 and 1930, a statistical analysis of these programs, and detailed case studies of three of them: the Federal Highway Act of 1916, the Food and Drug Act of 1906, and the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921. As this book shows, federalism has played a vital but often underappreciated role in shaping the modern American state.
New York: Simon & Schuster. ———. 1990. Eisenhower Soldier and President: The Renowned One-Volume Life. New York: touchstone. Appleby, Joyce. 1984. Capitalism and a New Social Order. new york: new york University Press. Bailyn, Bernard.
Former district judge John F. Gallagher was first elected to the bench in 1964 (before the Missouri Plan was approved in Colorado). He served with distinction for twenty-five years in the Fourth Judicial District (El Paso and Teller ...
By integrating state constitution making with the federal constitutional tradition, this path-breaking work widens and deepens our understanding of the principles by which we've chosen to govern ourselves.
6 David S. Broder , The Party's Over : The Failure of Party Politics in America ( New York : Harper , 1972 ) . 7 New Republic , May 4 , 1987 , p.7 . 8 Thomas E. Cavanaugh and James L. Sundquist , “ The New Two - Party System , ” in John ...
Examines the reconstruction of institutional power relationships that had to be negotiated among the courts, the parties, the President, the Congress, and the states in order to accommodate the expansion of national administrative ...
This purpose was made clear in Idaho's 1889 convention, when delegate James Reid argued that a mechanics' lien amendment would be valuable because it “makes it compulsory upon [the legislature] to do it and provide a proper mechanic's ...
Colorado Politics and Policy is the result of broad-gauged and sophisticated research which includes author interviews with citizens and officials across the state, three specially commissioned statewide public opinion surveys, and ...
After the 1968 election , a young Nixon campaign staffer named Kevin Phillips wrote a book entitled The Emerging Republican Majority , in which he added together the Nixon and Wallace votes of 1968 ( 43 + 14 per cent ) to produce what ...
... Appalachian State University Jennifer Clark, University of Houston Douglas Clouatre, Mid-Plains Community College Chris Cooper, Western Carolina University Margery Coulson-Clark, Elizabeth City State University Gary Crawley, ...
This volume presents a compact introduction to state-local relations as they have been, as they are now, and as they are likely to be in the near future, reviewing key aspects of state-local relations in the United States.