Although political and legal institutions are essential to any nation's economic development, the forces that have shaped these institutions are poorly understood. Drawing on rich evidence about the development of the American states from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth century, this book documents the mechanisms through which geographical and historical conditions--such as climate, access to water transportation, and early legal systems--impacted political and judicial institutions and economic growth. The book shows how a state's geography and climate influenced whether elites based their wealth in agriculture or trade. States with more occupationally diverse elites in 1860 had greater levels of political competition in their legislature from 1866 to 2000. The book also examines the effects of early legal systems. Because of their colonial history, thirteen states had an operational civil-law legal system prior to statehood. All of these states except Louisiana would later adopt common law. By the late eighteenth century, the two legal systems differed in their balances of power. In civil-law systems, judiciaries were subordinate to legislatures, whereas in common-law systems, the two were more equal. Former civil-law states and common-law states exhibit persistent differences in the structure of their courts, the retention of judges, and judicial budgets. Moreover, changes in court structures, retention procedures, and budgets occur under very different conditions in civil-law and common-law states. The Evolution of a Nation illustrates how initial geographical and historical conditions can determine the evolution of political and legal institutions and long-run growth.
The Evolution of the Nation of Islam: Malcolm X, the Other Side of the Coin
Chapter 16: Discord in Concord “the dirty planet” Joan W. Goodwin, The Remarkable Mrs. Ripley: The Life of Sarah Alden Bradford ... Joel Myerson, Daniel Shealy, and Madeleine B. Stern (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 53.
In this book, Hilton Root argues that international relations, like other complex ecosystems, exists in a constantly shifting landscape, in which hierarchical structures are giving way to systems of networked interdependence, changing every ...
Yet few people could define “Spanishness” concretely. Antonio Feros traces Spain’s evolving ideas of nationhood and ethnicity.
The book draws upon the principles of Integral Philosophy-which contends that the evolution of human consciousness and culture has now outpaced biological human evolution-to explain why our capacity as individuals to heal and transform is ...
A compilation of lectures delivered on the system of governance In Trinidad and Tobago in commemmoration of Trinbago's 50th anniversary of independence.
Altogether, Laats and Siegel offer the kind of level-headed analysis that is crucial to finding a way out of our culture-war deadlock.
About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.