Between 1827 and 1854, William G. and George W. Ewing of Fort Wayne, Indiana, were important merchants, real estate brokers, and speculators, as well as professional Indian traders. Because these men made it their business to deal with the relatively peaceful tribes on the Middle Border (Pottawatomi, Miami, Sac and Fox), they have not received the attention given to their more glamorous and picturesque counterparts of that era, the Rocky Mountain fur traders. Nevertheless, the House of Ewing dominated trade with the Middle Border tribes, and through its influence in mattes of Indian removal, claims cases against the government, and treaty legislation became a potent force in the shaping of American Indian policy. In this chronicle of frontier business and political influence, Robert A. Trennert, Jr., examines the extent of the relationship between businessmen and policy makers and presents an entirely new perspective on the nation's treatment of the native population. By focusing on the activities of a single trading house, this study offers the first systematic investigation of the professional Indian traders and their influence over the Indians and federal Indian policy. Trennert looks at the many aspects of nineteenth-century Indian affairs from an economic point of view and provides a significant understanding of the working so removal contractors, of Indian claims cases, of the questionable motives behind some treaty negotiations, and of the political pressures involved in the formulation of Indian policy, as well as a unique look at entrepreneurship during the Jacksonian period.
Corrupt politicians, land swindlers, gamblers, and whisky peddlers preyed on the tribe, and it was not until the twentieth century that the Kickapoos received just treatment at the hands of the United States government.
The annotated and translated letters of 11th-12th century traders of the Jewish Indian Ocean, found in the Cairo Geniza, provide fascinating information on commerce between the Far East, Yemen and the Mediterranean, medieval material, ...
A radical hindrance to the civilization of the Indians , Commissioner of Indian Affairs Edward P. Smith pointed out in ... Territory appears in William G. McLoughlin , After the Trail of Tears : The Cherokees ' Struggle for Sovereignty ...
Garland's coming-of-age autobiography that established him as a master of American realism.
Congressman, governor, military leader, and senior statesman--no person played a longer, more influential, or more varied role in the shaping of Minnesota than Henry Hastings Sibley (1811-91).
Roy Nichols's nickels, however, were not what gave my parents pause. They remembered that while serving as supervisor of Richland in the 1950s he had saved the earliest township records from destruction when the board burned its ...
This volume provides rich insights into workings of the Indian mind arguing that Indian merchants in the medieval and the early modern period were in no way inferior to other traders and Europeans in terms of their commercial operations and ...
One version of the story involves just such a possibility. The incident apparently occurred at Isle à la Crosse on the English River. The author, George Nelson, wrote about it in the 1830s. He heard about it from some French Canadians ...
clerked at trader Henry Reed's store at Fort Wingate for a time, from which position he began to strike out on his own in business, entering into a contract to supply the Navajo agency with 100,000 pounds of corn, backed by Keam and ...
A full - length biography was published in 1999 by William R. Nester , From Mountain Man to Millionaire : The ' Bold and Dashing Life ' of Robert Campbell ( Columbia : University of Missouri , 1999 ) . For William Sublette , see John E.