Native Americans long resisted Western medicine—but had less power to resist the threat posed by Western diseases. And so, as the Office of Indian Affairs reluctantly entered the business of health and medicine, Native peoples reluctantly began to allow Western medicine into their communities. Fighting Invisible Enemies traces this transition among inhabitants of the Mission Indian Agency of Southern California from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. What historian Clifford E. Trafzer describes is not so much a transition from one practice to another as a gradual incorporation of Western medicine into Indian medical practices. Melding indigenous and medical history specific to Southern California, his book combines statistical information and documents from the federal government with the oral narratives of several tribes. Many of these oral histories—detailing traditional beliefs about disease causation, medical practices, and treatment—are unique to this work, the product of the author’s close and trusted relationships with tribal elders. Trafzer examines the years of interaction that transpired before Native people allowed elements of Western medicine and health care into their lives, homes, and communities. Among the factors he cites as impelling the change were settler-borne diseases, the negative effects of federal Indian policies, and the sincere desire of both Indians and agency doctors and nurses to combat the spread of disease. Here we see how, unlike many encounters between Indians and non-Indians in Southern California, this cooperative effort proved positive and constructive, resulting in fewer deaths from infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. The first study of its kind, Trafzer’s work fills gaps in Native American, medical, and Southern California history. It informs our understanding of the working relationship between indigenous and Western medical traditions and practices as it continues to develop today.
This book is about fighting that invisible enemy the enemy that you can't see that enemy that no matter how hard you fight will always be there that is not going anywhere will be there to fight you every step of the way.
This book is an essential tool for your life’s journey. In this book you will learn who your invisible enemies are, the root of their existence, their characteristics and how to win the fight against them.
This book is an essential tool for your life's journey. In this book you will learn who your invisible enemies are, the root of their existence, their characteristics and how to win the fight against them.
No end to violence in sight! Even the deadly pandemic has not awakened the conscience of the mortal humans. This book has been written during this lock down period and reflects on my journey which began from the beautiful valley of Kashmir.
The Change Makers series of books will build in children a strong sense of inquiry — to arm them with knowledge in S.T.E.A.M (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) to tackle this brave new world of unknowns.
Menacing microbes that made history This book tells the story of seven tiny microbes that altered forever the course of human history. Smallpox, leprosy, plague, tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, and AIDS...
This book is a must read, because it will prepare you to fight against the visible and the invisible enemies of your life.
All the basic themes necessary to take the reader on a trek of discovery into New Testament deliverance ministry, illustrated with an abundance of testimonies.
America has always had its enemies, and the fight has always been met with courageous leaders.
Victory is within your grasp. Will you take hold? "It is with great excitement that I recommend this book to you, knowing that fruit will increase until Jesus gets His full reward.