For at least two millennia before the advent of the Spaniards in 1519, there was a flourishing civilization in central Mexico. During that long span of time a cultural evolution took place which saw a high development of the arts and literature, the formulation of complex religious doctrines, systems of education, and diverse political and social organization. The rich documentation concerning these people, commonly called Aztecs, includes, in addition to a few codices written before the Conquest, thousands of folios in the Nahuatl or Aztec language written by natives after the Conquest. Adapting the Latin alphabet, which they had been taught by the missionary friars, to their native tongue, they recorded poems, chronicles, and traditions. The fundamental concepts of ancient Mexico presented and examined in this book have been taken from more than ninety original Aztec documents. They concern the origin of the universe and of life, conjectures on the mystery of God, the possibility of comprehending things beyond the realm of experience, life after death, and the meaning of education, history, and art. The philosophy of the Nahuatl wise men, which probably stemmed from the ancient doctrines and traditions of the Teotihuacans and Toltecs, quite often reveals profound intuition and in some instances is remarkably “modern.” This English edition is not a direct translation of the original Spanish, but an adaptation and rewriting of the text for the English-speaking reader.
... 124–27; and Michiyo Sasao, “New Fire Ceremony,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilizations of Mexico and Central America, ed. Davíd Carrasco (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 2:366–68. 213.
Fanon , Frantz 1963 The Wretched of the Earth . Translated by Constance Farrington . ... Farriss , Nancy M. 1984 Maya Society under Colonial Rule : The Collective Enterprise of Survival . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
In this absorbing work León-Portilla probes the question, What did time really mean for the ancient Maya in terms of their mythology, religious thought, worldview, and everyday life?
Students are taught that the Aztecs were destroyed by Hernán Cortéz, the conqueror of Mexico.
In exploring the pattern and methods of Aztec expansion, Ross Hassig focuses on political and economic factors.
This book discusses the origins of Aztec myths and how some of these myths have been manipulated over time.
Fifth Sun offers a comprehensive history of the Aztecs, spanning the period before conquest to a century after the conquest, based on rarely-used Nahuatl-language sources written by the indigenous people.
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The first anthology in any language to represent the full trajectory of this remarkable literature.