A century ago many Americans condemned envy as a destructive emotion and a sin. Today few Americans expect criticism when they express envy, and some commentators maintain that the emotion drives the economy. This shift in attitude is Susan Matt's central concern. Keeping up with the Joneses: Envy in American Consumer Society, 1890-1930 examines a key transition in the meaning of envy for the American middle class. Although people certainly have experienced envy throughout history, the expansion of the consumer economy at the turn of the twentieth century dramatically reshaped the social role of the emotion. Matt looks at how different groups within the middle class—men in white-collar jobs, bourgeois women, farm families, and children—responded to the transformation in social and cultural life. Keeping Up with the Joneses traces how attitudes about envy changed as department stores, mail-order catalogs, magazines, movies, and advertising became more prevalent, and the mass production of imitation luxury goods offered middle- and working-class individuals the opportunity to emulate upper-class life. Between 1890 and 1910 moralists sought to tame envy and emulation in order to uphold a moral economy and preserve social order. They criticized the liberal-capitalist preoccupation with personal striving and advancement and praised the virtue of contentment. They admonished the bourgeoisie to be satisfied with their circumstances and cease yearning for their neighbors' possessions. After 1910 more secular commentators gained ground, repudiating the doctrine of contentment and rejecting the notion that there were divinely ordained limits on what each class should possess. They encouraged everyone to pursue the objects of desire. Envy was no longer a sin, but a valuable economic stimulant. The expansion of consumer economy fostered such institutions as department stores and advertising firms, but it also depended on a transformation in attitudes and emotional codes. Matt explores the ways gender, geography, and age shaped this transformation. Bridging the history of emotions and the history of consumerism, she uncovers the connection between changing social norms and the growth of the consumer economy.
Keeping Up with the Joneses
An analysis of three major economic institutions and how they discipline surplus labor of America's poor.
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I heard my front door slam. “Mom, you there?” I asked. “Yes, and I heard all of that drama. I've told you, you're aJones and you need to be careful. These hoes will do anything to trap you. I hope you at least used a condom.
Keeping up with the Joneses is a unique and enjoyable way to help students prepare for the Common Entrance 13+ Maths exams.
Mary "Polly" Lambeth (1793-1883), daughter of Josiah Lambeth and Elizabeth Loftin, married Electious Jones (ca.1793-1826) in 1815. Descendants and relatives lived in Missouri, California, North Carolina and elsewhere.
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These habits work, and Rachel is living proof. Now, she wants to empower you to live the life you've always dreamed of without creating the debt, stress, and worry that are all too often part of the deal.
Keeping up with the Dow Jones Industrial Average or with the Standard & Poor's 500 index may not be what you need to do. You may need to do a little more—but you may also need to do less. One reason that people don't do as well as they ...
This book, Run Your Own Race questions the potential contradictions between society's expectations of it's members and the expectations and innate desires of oneself - and that of God's.