Sandy Bardsley examines the complex relationship between speech and gender in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and engages debates on the static nature of women's status after the Black Death. Focusing on England, Venomous Tongues uses a combination of legal, literary, and artistic sources to show how deviant speech was increasingly feminized in the later Middle Ages. Women of all social classes and marital statuses ran the risk of being charged as scolds, and local jurisdictions interpreted the label "scold" in a way that best fit their particular circumstances. Indeed, Bardsley demonstrates, this flexibility of definition helped to ensure the longevity of the term: women were punished as scolds as late as the early nineteenth century. The tongue, according to late medieval moralists, was a dangerous weapon that tempted people to sin. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, clerics railed against blasphemers, liars, and slanderers, while village and town elites prosecuted those who abused officials or committed the newly devised offense of scolding. In courts, women in particular were prosecuted and punished for insulting others or talking too much in a public setting. In literature, both men and women were warned about women's propensity to gossip and quarrel, while characters such as Noah's Wife and the Wife of Bath demonstrate the development of a stereotypically garrulous woman. Visual representations, such as depictions of women gossiping in church, also reinforced the message that women's speech was likely to be disruptive and deviant.
given form have exactly the same meaning ( e.g. , Timberlake 1982 ) . This is only partly true . ... out there far away ' , but neither * way naáč e ?
Longman Dictionary of American English Workbook
Extra writing practice with controlled exercises at the back of the book recycles all the words through word searches, crossword puzzles, matching activities, and so on.
This book treats aspects of grammar of Russian, from writing, phonology and morphology to syntax and aspect.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Didactics - English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: Pass, Charles Darwin University, language: English, abstract: This literature review undertook a purposeful sample of ...
Pevalin 2010. 'the european Socio-economic classification: a Prolegomenon', in d. rose & e. Harrison (eds), Social Class in Europe: An Introduction to the European Socio-economic Classification, routledge: London roux, M. 2008.
It is more dangerous to sell famous works of art than to sell unknown works . 3. The goal of most art thieves is to steal the most valuable work possible . ( continued on the next page ) 4. Only a few legitimate art dealers have ever ...
Many thought it " bad manners " for a disabled person to appear in public . The idea of a " cripple " pursuing a political career ... His half - hour speech nominating Al Smith for president was cheered for one hour thirteen minutes .
Contains over 1,500 entries in both Bosnian and English along with a pronunciation guide. Includes essential phrases for typical tourist and business situations.
8 the nominalised noun (al-maxdar al-mu'awwal),27 as in: – To be quiet is better for you. where the nominalised noun is ( – your silence) that is implicitly understood and derived from ( ) and which acts as the musnad ilaihi whose ...