Since 1974, more than thirty countries around the world have democratized. The fall of dictators on both sides of the Cold War divide was triggered by regional economic crises and compounded by different political problems: the death of a dictator, defeat in war, or popular protest. The civilians who replaced dictators, juntas, and one-party regimes extended power to people long excluded from politics. They also set about restoring civil society and reviving moribund economies. Power to the People, after documenting the emergence of a new interstate system and the Cold War that divided it in the postwar period, examines the factors that led to the process of democratization in countries around the world, including regimes in southern European countries in the 1970s and those in Latin America and the Philippines during the 1980s. During the late 1980s, Schaeffer documents how communist regimes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe struggled with stagnant economies, inflation, and mounting debt. Soviet efforts to reform the economy triggered a crisis first for dictators in Eastern Europe and then a crisis in the former Soviet Union itself, developments that in 1989 led to rapid democratization throughout the region. In South Africa, economic problems related to debt and divestment, as well as the political turmoil caused by black protest, created a crisis for apartheid, leading to black majority rule by 1994.While economic crises contributed to political change in many cases, it did not result in democratization everywhere. Power to the People explains why regimes in Mexico, Cuba, China, Vietnam, and North Korea survived despite shared economic crises, and why democratization in the former Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the former Soviet Union led also to division. Schaeffer contends that even though after taking power, democratic leaders around the world rewrote constitutions, held multi-party elections to restore civil society, and made economic reforms, these solutions may not solve problems that had different regional origins. He concludes this fascinating and readable book by looking ahead to the future and assessing the prospects and problems of democratizing states.
... may be taken in by other family members or they may , as is increasingly the case in Africa , establish their own households , with the eldest children acting as heads of households ( Audemard and Vignikin 2006 ; Robson et al .
In this best-selling text BY social workers and FOR social workers, Charles Zastrow and Karen K. Kirst-Ashman, nationally prominent social work educators and authors, guide studetns in assessing and evaluating how individuals function ...
Kiev , A. ( 1980 , September ) . The courage to live . Cosmopolitan , pp . 301-308 . Kim , N. , Stanton , B. , Li , X. , Dickersin , K. , & Galbraith , J. ( 1997 ) . Effectiveness of the 40 adolescent AIDS - risk reduction interventions ...
Charrière , H. 1969. Papillon . Robert Lafont . ... 6 NOT OUR KIND OF GIRL ELAINE BELL KAPLAN Social research is concerned with the definition and assessment of social phenomena . Many social concepts such as teen pregnancy are ...
行走世间,唯有淡定不破:遇事不慌、遇人不躁,拥有淡定、优雅的心,你,就可以重生!——美国心灵教父戴尔 ...
Booth, John. 1985. The End and the Beginning: The Nicaraguan Revolution. Boulder: Westview. Booth, John, and Thomas W. Walker. 1989. Understanding Central America. Boulder: Westview Borge, Tomás. 1984. Carlos, the Dawn Ls No Longer ...
Readers will profit from studying this volume which sets forth a rationale for theoretical and empirical contributions to the sociology of law.
As I wrote in a recent tribute to Justice Marshall: There appears to be a deliberate retrenchment by a majority of the current Supreme Court on many basic issues of human rights that Thurgood Marshall advocated and that the Warren and ...
The Civilizing Process
Criticizes Pat Buchanan, Pat Robertson, Jessie Helms, and Ronald Reagan, political correctness, academic obsessions with theory, the art world, American infrastructure, and other targets