There is no question that European colonization introduced smallpox, measles, and other infectious diseases to the Americas, causing considerable harm and death to indigenous peoples. But though these diseases were devastating, their impact has been widely exaggerated. Warfare, enslavement, land expropriation, removals, erasure of identity, and other factors undermined Native populations. These factors worked in a deadly cabal with germs to cause epidemics, exacerbate mortality, and curtail population recovery. Beyond Germs: Native Depopulation in North America challenges the “virgin soil” hypothesis that was used for decades to explain the decimation of the indigenous people of North America. This hypothesis argues that the massive depopulation of the New World was caused primarily by diseases brought by European colonists that infected Native populations lacking immunity to foreign pathogens. In Beyond Germs, contributors expertly argue that blaming germs lets Europeans off the hook for the enormous number of Native American deaths that occurred after 1492. Archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians come together in this cutting-edge volume to report a wide variety of other factors in the decline in the indigenous population, including genocide, forced labor, and population dislocation. These factors led to what the editors describe in their introduction as “systemic structural violence” on the Native populations of North America. While we may never know the full extent of Native depopulation during the colonial period because the evidence available for indigenous communities is notoriously slim and problematic, what is certain is that a generation of scholars has significantly overemphasized disease as the cause of depopulation and has downplayed the active role of Europeans in inciting wars, destroying livelihoods, and erasing identities.
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject History - America, grade: A+, Johns Hopkins University, course: The Rise and Fall of Empires, language: English, abstract: In this paper, I will examine both the theory of "virgin soil" ...
McLoughlin's work, however, suggests that such pluralism developed as the work of Evan Jones intensified during the 1820s and 1830s. See McLoughlin, Champions of the Cherokees, 64–96. 111. Hall to Evarts, July 28, 1824, ABCFM, reel 738.
Like Novick's staph-jamming AIPs, Gilmore's drug doesn't kill its target. It just hobbles one of its most dangerous weapons. That's particularly important given the bounty of harmless and potentially protective strains and species of ...
Beyond the Germ Theory: The Roles of Deprivation and Stress in Health and Disease
Health-care workers will also benefit greatly from this text, as will college students majoring in biology or a pre-health field.
Looking through the microscope at bacteria themselves and then beyond, this book discusses how the body naturally defends itself against germs as well as the manmade medicines we use to combat them.
This book marries together history, culture, science, medicine and famous people and looks at each of them through the lens of infectious disease.Let me ask you: What do King Tut, Jack Nicklaus, William Shakespeare, Helen Keller, Anne Frank ...
This book marries together history, culture, science, medicine and famous people and looks at each of them through the lens of infectious disease.Let me ask you: What do King Tut, Jack Nicklaus, William Shakespeare, Helen Keller, Anne Frank ...
This book marries together history, culture, science, medicine and famous people and looks at each of them through the lens of infectious disease.
Palmer also notes that eight nurses died at the London Hospital between 1888 and 1889. Palmer, Who cared for the carers?, 1. 22. ... Carol Helmstadter and Judith Godden, Nursing before Nightingale, 1815–1899 (Surrey: Ashgate, 2011). 29.