Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.
Hovakimian , Armen , and Edward J. Kane . “ Effectiveness of Capital Regulation at U.S. ... Kim , E. Han , and Vijay Singal . “ Stock Market Openings : Experience of ... Linsmeier , Thomas J. , and Neil D. Pearson . “ Value at Risk .
... Opportunities at Quantico VA .; John Frazzini , Special Agent for the Secret Service Financial Crimes Division ; Tracey Vispoli , Vice President of CHUBB , and Bill Worley , HP fellow , Chief Scientist for Hewlett Packard , Inc. 3.
We thank Brigitte Coulton and Madona Devasahayam for arranging the editing of the book, Alfred R. Imhoff for editing, Maria Banov for ensuring rapid production, and Kara Davis for designing the book cover.
"สุดยอดคัมภีร์การเงินจากฮาร์วาร์ด" เล่มนี้ ...
คุณสามารถวิเคราะห์จุดคุ้มทุนได้หรือไม่? คุณรู้ความแตกต่างระหว่างงบกำไรกำไรขาดทุนก ...
'Closing the Gap in Education and Technology' advises Latin American and Caribbean governments to address the region's deficits in skills and technology, and thereby boost productivity, ultimately improving growth prospects.
Gómez Cruz , M.A. , Schwentesius Rindermann , R. y A. Barrera González . El limón persa en México . Una opción para el trópico . Ed . SARH / CIESTAAM , México 1994 , 204 p . Lópes Noriega , G. " Oportunidades comerciales para productos ...
... 214, 235, 273, 332, 382. 383 firms, 208. 209. 213, 215, 217, 219, 228. 235, 237. 289. 333, 354, 355 first generation. 272, 273, 274, 278, 280 fiscal deficit. 86. 288, 337, 355, 356 fiscal policy. 26. 144. 336. 351. 356. 357 fishing.
约翰·兰彻斯特(John Lanchester) ... 弗里德曼的工具和凯恩斯的工具都应归入这个箱子,当问题和情况提出要求时,都可以拿出来使用。 ... (6) [英]约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯,“阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔,1842—1924年”,《经济学杂志》,34卷,135 期,第333页。
「財富是一種心態,更準確地說,財富是由心態創造的。」 風行六十多國,全球銷量高達上千萬冊的百年經典 集結關於財富69個面向的智慧箴言 ...