Structural Evolution of the Southern Sacramento Detachment Fault System, Southeastern California

ISBN-10: 1124925163
ISBN-13: 9781124925165
Category: Faults (Geology)
Pages: 215
Language: English
Published: 2011
Author: Jennifer A. Goyette

Description

This thesis addresses long-standing controversies surrounding normal faults that initiate and slip at low-angles (30°) and are responsible for extreme crustal extension (100%). The architecture of a low-angle normal fault (LANF) exposed in southeastern California, provides information about the geometry, mechanics, and evolution of large-scale, gently dipping faults. The throughgoing LANF exposed today is comprised of a linked set of smaller scale structures--ramps and flats--which show very different mechanisms of strain accommodation and evidence of fluid-rock interaction. The magnitude of slip on this fault system is estimated to be about 5 km based on the distance synextensional sedimentary deposits are displaced from their source. Although slip may be considered minor relative to many regional LANFs (10's km), certain structures within this detachment fault may represent the early manifestation of fault zone evolution, preserving a snapshot of the mechanism(s) by which a continuous, gently dipping fault can initiate and move in the brittle regime. The topography of the fault on the east, downdip side of the domed core complex shows a gently dipping ramp- (10-30°) flat (10°) geometry over a scale of hundreds of meters. Strain and fluid are partitioned within ramp and flat compartments. Ramps have thick (60 m) damage zones comprised of stacked sequences of tabular fault blocks separated by gently dipping damage zones. Damage zones at fault block boundaries are sites of strain concentration and intense fluid-rock interaction, hosting thick zones of hydrothermal alteration (epidote + quartz + chlorite) indicating that ramps are important fluid conduits in the fault zone. In contrast, flats have thin damage zones (

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