This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications Applications of Combinatorics and Graph Theory to the Biological and Social Sciences is based on the proceedings of a workshop which was an integral part of the 1987-88 IMA program on APPLIED COMBINATORICS. We are grateful to the Scientific Committee: Victor Klee (Chairman), Daniel Kleitman, Dijen Ray-Chaudhuri and Dennis Stanton for planning and implementing an exciting and stimulating year long program. We especially thank the Workshop Organizers, Joel Cohen and Fred Roberts, for organizing a workshop which brought together many of the major figures in a variety of research fields connected with the application of combinatorial ideas to the social and biological sciences. A vner Friedman Willard Miller APPLICATIONS OF COMBINATORICS AND GRAPH THEORY TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS FRED S. RoBERTS* Abstract. To set the stage for the other papers in this volume, seven fundamental concepts which arise in the applications of combinatorics and graph theory in the biological and social sciences are described. These ideas are: RNA chains as "words" in a 4 letter alphabet; interval graphs; competition graphs or niche overlap graphs; qualitative stability; balanced signed graphs; social welfare functions; and semiorders. For each idea, some basic results are presented, some recent results are given, and some open problems are mentioned.
In Section 2 we will deal with the “discrete” case. Let S be a locally finite tree T endowed with the natural integer-valued distance function: the ...
... for in this case [yp](s)=s[yp](s), [yp](s)=s2[yp](s). As we will see in the examples, this assumption also makes it possible to deal with the initial ...
x,y∈S δ(x,y) is maximum. u(x) + ADDITIVE SUBSET CHOICE Input: A set X = {x1 ,x2 ... F Tractability cycle Test 8.2 How (Not) to Deal with Intractability 173.
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... partial differential equations have received a great deal of attention. For excellent bibliographical coverage, see Todd (1956), Richtmyer (1957), ...
Todd, P. A., McKeen, .l. ... ANALYTICAL SUPPORT PROBLEM SOLVING Cognitive Perspectives on Modelling HOW DO STUDENTS AND TEACHERS DEAL Sodhi and Son 219 NOTE ...