Looking at a sequence of zeros and ones, we often feel that it is not random, that is, it is not plausible as an outcome of fair coin tossing. Why? The answer is provided by algorithmic information theory: because the sequence is compressible, that is, it has small complexity or, equivalently, can be produced by a short program. This idea, going back to Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Levin, and others, is now the starting point of algorithmic information theory. The first part of this book is a textbook-style exposition of the basic notions of complexity and randomness; the second part covers some recent work done by participants of the “Kolmogorov seminar” in Moscow (started by Kolmogorov himself in the 1980s) and their colleagues. This book contains numerous exercises (embedded in the text) that will help readers to grasp the material.
Theorem 2.18.5 (Yates [410], Cooper [76]). Every nonzero c.e. degree bounds a minimal degree. In particular, there are minimal degrees below 0 (which was first shown by Sacks [342]), and hence hyperimmune minimal degrees.
Computability and complexity theory are two central areas of research in theoretical computer science. This book provides a systematic, technical development of "algorithmic randomness" and complexity for scientists from diverse fields.
The first part of this book is a textbook-style exposition of the basic notions of complexity and randomness; the second part cover.
We also investigate the statistical properties of finite strings with high Kolmogorov complexity. Both of these topics are eminently useful in the applications part of the book.
The text covers both the fundamental concepts and the most important practical applications, supported by a wealth of didactic features.
The book covers topics such as lowness and highness properties, Kolmogorov complexity, betting strategies and higher computability.
This review volume consists of an indispensable set of chapters written by leading scholars, scientists and researchers in the field of Randomness, including related subfields specially but not limited to the strong developed connections to ...
Surveys on recent developments in the theory of algorithmic randomness and its interactions with other areas of mathematics.
The text also examines monochromatic and chromatic symbols and both theoretical and applied aspects of data compression as they relate to the transmission and storage of information.
The book is a collection of papers written by a selection of eminent authors from around the world in honour of Gregory Chaitin's 60th birthday. This is a unique volume including technical contributions, philosophical papers and essays.