Kirkuk is Iraq's most multilingual city, for millennia home to a diverse population. It was also where, in 1927, a foreign company first struck oil in Iraq. Over the following decades, Kirkuk became the heart of Iraq's booming petroleum industry. City of Black Gold tells a story of oil, urbanization, and colonialism in Kirkuk--and how these factors shaped the identities of Kirkuk's citizens, forming the foundation of an ethnic conflict. Arbella Bet-Shlimon reconstructs the twentieth-century history of Kirkuk to question the assumptions about the past underpinning today's ethnic divisions. In the early 1920s, when the Iraqi state was formed under British administration, group identities in Kirkuk were fluid. But as the oil industry fostered colonial power and Baghdad's influence over Kirkuk, intercommunal violence and competing claims to the city's history took hold. The ethnicities of Kurds, Turkmens, and Arabs in Kirkuk were formed throughout a century of urban development, interactions between communities, and political mobilization. Ultimately, this book shows how contentious politics in disputed areas are not primordial traits of those regions, but are a modern phenomenon tightly bound to the society and economics of urban life.
A dramatic account of life in Czechoslovakia's great capital during the Nazi Protectorate With this successor book to Prague in Black and Gold, his account of more than a thousand years of Central European history, the great scholar Peter ...
The city states of the Lowlands have lived in peace for decades, bastions of civilization, prosperity and sophistication, protected by treaties, trade and a belief in the reasonable nature of their neighbors.
When the boom ended, it left the city an uninviting industrial wasteland. This is the story of Signal Hill's second great transformation, to a modern, inviting community.
Sidi Salem,in addition, wasaprime source for the tales and legendsofTimbuktu, and for many wise observations ... Tombouctou et les Arma: De la conquête marocainedu Soudan nigérien en 1591 à l'hégémonie de l'empire peul du Maçina en1853.
I felt as though I had been struck a savage blow, but a blow which contrived to hit me in every part of my body at the same time, a blow from the front, from behind, most of all from above, smashing me down. I staggered and fell, ...
Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta takes a graphic look at the profound cost of oil exploitation in West Africa. Featuring images by...
In City of Gold, Jim Krane, who reported for the AP from Dubai, brings us a boots-on-the-ground look at this fascinating place by walking its streets, talking to its business titans, its prostitutes, and the hard-bitten men who built its ...
Here is the long-forgotten story of Begum Hazrat Mahal, queen of Awadh and the soul of the Indian revolt against the British, brought to vivid life by the author of Regards from the Dead Princess, a major bestseller in her native France.
See also Ocean Hill- Brownsville school crisis Brown, Ames, 203–4 Brown, Earl, 53–54, 84–85 Brown, Joan, 246–47 Brown-Isaacs law, 53–54, 57, 63 Brownmiller, Susan, 197 Buildings, New York City Department of, 15, 23, 57–59, 125, 127, ...
The Story of Oil in Our Lives Albert Marrin. B L A C K G O L D THE STORY OF OIL IN OUR LIVES on, so so. A L B E R T M A. R. R. I. N o Black Gold The story of Oil in Our Lives Albert. Front Cover.