The Weapon Wizards Explaining the High-Tech Nuclear Weapon Capabilities of Israel Book Preview: Israel, officially named the State of Israel, is located in the Middle East. The Mediterranean Sea is on its southeastern shore, and the Red Sea is on its northern shore. The country borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, and Egypt on the southwest. There are also land borders with Palestinian territories on the east and west, respectively the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Although Israel is a small country, it contains a number of geographically diverse features. Finance and technology are housed within the city of Tel Aviv, whereas Israel's government is housed within Jerusalem, the proclaimed capital, despite sovereignty over Jerusalem being unrecognized on an international scale. Israel is commonly believed to have weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This is defined as any type of weapon, whether nuclear, radiological, biological, or chemical that has the ability to cause massive fatalities and widespread damage. This term has evolved over time and has been disputed, often used in a political sense rather than a technical one. It was originally coined in reference to chemical explosives used in aerial bombing attacks. In the years after World War II, weapons of mass destruction began to apply to large-scale weaponry across a variety of technologies.