This classic study examines the deployment of U.S. naval vessels in European and Near Eastern waters from the end of the Civil War until the United States declared war in April 1917. Initially these ships were employed to visit various ports from the Baltic Sea to the eastern Mediterranean and Constantinople (today Istanbul), for the primary purpose of showing the flag. From the 1890s on, most of the need for the presence of the American warships occurred in the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Unrest in the Ottoman Empire and particularly the Muslim hostility and threats to Armenians led to calls for protection. This would continue into the years of World War I. In 1905, the Navy Department ended the permanent stationing of a squadron in European waters. From then until the U.S. declaration of war in 1917, individual ships, detached units, and special squadrons were at times deployed in European waters. In 1908, the converted yacht Scorpion was sent as station ship (stationnaire) to Constantinople where she would remain, operating in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea until 1928. Upon the outbreak of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson ordered cruisers to northern European waters and the Mediterranean to protect American interests. These warships, however, did more than protect American interests. They would evacuate thousands of refugees, American tourists, Armenians, Jews, and Italians after Italy entered the conflict on the side of the Allies.
The volume places equal weight on the influence of major wartime campaigns and naval efforts to defend and expand America’s interests during times of peace.
... 97 DEFCON 2, 287 Defense Reorganization Act/Goldwater– Nichols Act (1986), 315 de Grasse, François J. P., Comte, ... 1964), 281 drug use, 310 Drumbeat, Operation, 198 Dulles, Allen, 284 Dulles, John Foster, 276 Duncan, Donald B., ...
... 8 vols., by Geoffrey M. White and Lamont Lindstrom (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989) The Polynesian Journal of Captain Henry Byam Martin, R.N., by Henry Byam Martin (Salem, Mass.: Peabody Museum of Salem, 1981) The Price ...
Freeman, Lawrence. The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981. Friedman, Norman. U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1986. Gaddis, John.
Platt, Raye R., et al.: The Eurofean Possessions in the Caribbean Area. New York, 1941. Royal Institute of International Affairs: The Refublics of South America. New York, 1937. Shanahan, Edward William: South America. New York, 1927.
The Mahan Nautical History Series FROM SAIL TO STEAM: Recollections of a Naval Life SEA POWER AND WORLD HISTORY: 1660-1783 SEA POWER AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: 1775-1783 SEA POWER AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: 1793-1812 SEA POWER AND THE WAR ...
"Through colourful and lively historical illustrations as well as strategic theory, Gray shows how sea power, when integrated with land and air power, increases the combatant's opportunities and choices. With...
The Monroe Doctrine was very much a reflection of this attitude, a cautious warning to the “old world” that the U.S. would not tolerate further European involvement or expansion in its own sphere of influence. For the bulk of the U.S. ...
An encyclopedia designed especially to meet the needs of elementary, junior high, and senior high school students.
I was fortunatethat David Shlapak ofRAND andLawrence Cavaiola ofthe United States Naval Academy were meticulous and thoughtful in their reactions to earlier versions of. Acknowledgments.