The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (widely abbreviated and cited as TLP) (Latin for Logical Philosophical Treatise or Treatise on Logic and Philosophy) is the only book-length philosophical work by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein that was published during his lifetime. The project had a broad goal: to identify the relationship between language and reality and to define the limits of science. It is recognized by philosophers as a significant philosophical work of the twentieth century. G. E. Moore originally suggested the work's Latin title as homage to the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus by Baruch Spinoza.
Wittgenstein wrote the notes for the Tractatus while he was a soldier during World War I and completed it during a military leave in the summer of 1918. It was first published in German in 1921 as Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung. The Tractatus was influential chiefly amongst the logical positivist philosophers of the Vienna Circle, such as Rudolf Carnap and Friedrich Waismann. Bertrand Russell's article "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism" is presented as a working out of ideas that he had learned from Wittgenstein.
The Tractatus employs an austere and succinct literary style. The work contains almost no arguments as such, but rather consists of declarative statements, or passages, that are meant to be self-evident. The statements are hierarchically numbered, with seven basic propositions at the primary level (numbered 1-7), with each sub-level being a comment on or elaboration of the statement at the next higher level (e.g., 1, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13). In all, the Tractatus comprises 526 numbered statements.
Wittgenstein's later works, notably the posthumously published Philosophical Investigations, criticised many of his earlier ideas in the Tractatus.
他覺得這樣不斷改變、重新布置,可能是為了住客著想,讓他們的日常運動更有意思。他也沒提到有時候他在遠處看到一個女人,以為是菲歐娜,但後來看到那女人身上穿的衣服,覺得不可能是她。菲歐娜幾時穿過亮色系花朵上衣或亮藍色的休閒褲了?一天周六,他望向窗外, ...
作者简介 C.S.刘易斯,英国20世纪著名的文学家,学者,杰出的批评家,也是公认的二十世纪最重要的基督教作者之一。他毕生研究文学、哲学、神学,尤其对中古及文艺复兴时期的 ...
「所有的孩子,除了一個以外,慢慢的都會長大。」 「彼得潘伸出雙手,對著正在作夢或正夢到永無島的孩子說,如果你相信仙子的存在,請拍拍手。……拍手聲從各地傳來。」 ...
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Cyrus Hoy, Thomas Dekker Fredson Bowers. but this identification is by no means regarded as certain , ' Hand C is that of a theatrical scribe , Hand D has been attributed to Shakespeare , 3 Hand E has been identified as Dekker's.4 ...
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