The great religious orders of Christianity - the Benedictines, the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the Jesuits - are well known for their monasteries, their learning and their missions around the world. But in the Middle Ages, to some extent surviving to this day, there was another kind of religious order, one whose members' profession was to bear arms in defence of Christendom. From humble beginnings in the early 12th century, caring for the sick in the Holy Land and protecting pilgrims, the military religious orders spread out across Europe. Not only did they fight for the holy places, they helped push back Islam in Spain and what is now Portugal, and spread Christianity to the lands across the Baltic, then still pagan. The Knights of St John, the Knights Templar, the Knights of Santiago and of Calatrava, the Teutonic Knights and others played a fearsome, sometimes brutal and often neglected role in the history of Christianity. The wars, which they fought in the name of Christ, helped shape the world as we know it.
1994 Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 59 Queen's Park Crescent East Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 2C4 Printed and bound in Canada by Hignell Printing , Winnipeg , Manitoba Contents Preface ix PART I O THE PROJECT 3 1 Canadian ...
This volume traces the major events under three presidencies at the University of Notre Dame: periods of successful academic improvement, intruding prewar partisanism and academic freedom crisis under the rule of John O'Hara, J. Hugh O ...
A collection of writings by members of the Promise Keepers & opponents of the movement that analyzes how the Promise Keepers view masculinity & friendship.
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"Based on the author's doctoral dissertation Mestissage, violence culturelle, annonce de l'©♭vangile, presented at the Institut Catholique, Paris, 1978"--T.p. verso. Bibliography: p. 129-136. Includes indexes.
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Although the first proper Notre Dame commencement - conferring degrees on two candidates - took place in 1849, General William Tecumseh Sherman was Notre Dame's first graduation speaker with a...
إن دراسة تاريخ النظم الإسلامية يفترض أن تؤكد وحدة وترابط المجتمع الإسلامي عبر عصوره المتتابعة، وذلك من خلال مؤسساته السياسية والإدارية والقضائية والمالية والعسكرية وغيرها، وإن دراسة النظم لا بد...
In their austere desert monasteries Coptic monks maintain a tradition of Christianity that extends back to St. Anthony and the ancient Desert Fathers. Father Gruber's journey began almost accidentally as...