This study investigates the interface of power and politeness in the realization of disagreements in naturalistic language data. Power and politeness are important phenomena in face-to-face interaction. Disagreement is an arena in which these two key concepts are likely to be observed together: both disagreement and the exercise of power entail a conflict, and, at the same time, conflict will often be softened by the display of politeness (defined as marked relational work). The concept of power is of special interest to the field of linguistics in that language is one of the primary means to exercise power. Often correlated with status and regarded as an influential aspect of situated speech, the workings of the exercise of power, however, have rarely been formally articulated. This study provides a theoretical framework within which to analyze the observed instances of disagreement and their co-occurrence with the exercise of power and display of politeness. In this framework, a checklist of propositions that allow us to operationalize the concept of power and identify its exercise in naturalistic linguistic data is combined with a view of language as socially constructed. A qualitative approach is used to analyze the concepts of power and politeness. The material for analysis comes from three different contexts: (1) a sociable argument in an informal, supportive and interactive family setting, (2) a business meeting among colleagues within a research institution, and (3) examples from public discourse collected during the US Election 2000.
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Hundreds of protesters were arrested, most notably Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, the leaders of the Youth International Party — the Yippies. Hoffman and Rubin, along with five other leaders, were charged with crossing state lines "with ...
Outlines a fictional proposal made to the Kellytown council for a large supermarket to be built on the site of the youth recreation area.
Describes the merits of competitive debate and how to effectively construct and execute a debate speech, using historic examples as guides.
The same is the case for the U.N.'s optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography, ... over crimes involving human trafficking in accordance with its mandate to deal with crimes against humanity.
Describes how to research, organize, write, and deliver different kinds of speeches and discusses related forms of communication such as debates, oral interpretation, and radio.
A Fool for Forensics
Lectures by Dr. David Zarefsky, Professor of Argumentation and Debate and Professor of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, cover the history of rhetoric and debate as well as analysis of different types of arguments in various ...
We would like to thank David Zarefsky , Erwin Chimerensky , and Edward Schiappa , all directors of the institute , for providing a rich and rewarding environment in which to explore the debate process . Finally , we would like to thank ...
辩论与论辩