Since 1990, the social and economic policies of the transition countries of central and eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia have diverged, including the way they have reformed the financing of their health systems.
This book analyzes this rich experience in a systematic way. It reviews the background to health financing systems and reform in these countries, starting with the legacy of the systems in the USSR and central and eastern Europe before 1990 and the consequences (particularly fiscal) of the transition for their organization and performance. Using in-depth country case experiences, chapters focus on how policies were implemented to change the mechanisms for revenue collection, pooling of funds, purchasing of services and the policy on benefit entitlements. Later chapters highlight particular reform topics:
-the financing of capital costs;
-the links between health financing reform and the wider public finance system;
-the financing of public health services and programs;
-the role of voluntary health insurance;
-informal payments; and
-accountability in health financing institutions.
From practical experience of implementing, advising or evaluating health financing policies in the region, the authors offer important lessons, as well as pitfalls to avoid in the reform process. This book is essential reading for health finance policy-makers, advisers and analysts in this region and beyond.
Fox , E. , E. A. Abbatte , Said - Salah , N. T. Constantine , G. Rodier , and J. N. Woody . 1989a . “ Incidence of HIV Infection in Djibouti in 1988. ” AIDS 3 ( 4 ) : 244-45 . Fox , E. , E. A. Abbatte , H. H. Wassef , J. N. Woody ...
In concurrence with other authors ( Carter & McGoldrick , 1989 ; Hartman & Laird , 1983 ; McDaniel et al . , 1990 ) , we define family as two or more people related or connected biologically , emotionally , or legally .
This 400+ page book guides you through every phase of activity-based accounting, from setting up a basic system through its organizational implementation.
Truman, R.W., E.J. Shannon, H.V. Hagstad, et al. Evaluation of the origin of Mycobacterium leprae infections in the wild armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35:588–593, 1986. Walsh, G.P., W.M. Meyers, C.H. Binford.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情给人民健康带来了严重威胁。坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策是确保疫情防控取得胜利的法宝。 ...
把握我們有限的今生劉墉,水雲齋幕永不落下李家同未來書城走過帕金森幽谷李良修天下文化用心聆聽黃達夫天下文化性、女體、手術刀林文斌天下文化疼痛一不受歡迎的禮物江智惠譯智庫文化西藏生死書鄭振煌譯張老師文化一隻狗的遺囑,莊靜君皇冠文化自然與人生 ...
例如,2000 年欧洲的二噁英事件,1500 多个农场两周内从同一供应商处购买了被二噁英污染的饲料。以进食该饲料的动物为原料的加工食品几周内便发往了世界各地。另外,财富积累、生活方式的现代化,以及生活节奏的加快,使人们在家就业的机会越来越少, ...
Davis, Margaret A., Thomas E. Besser, Kaye Eckmann, J. Kathryn MacDonald, Donna Green, Dale D. Hancock, Katherine N. K. Baker, Lorin D. Warnick, Yesim Soyer, Martin Wied- mann, and Douglas R. Call. “Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella ...
Experienced managers in public health offer a broad overview of concepts and strategies for contemporary public health administration. They examine the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of managerial decision making, and...
Branding has become a normalized part of life for American children and adolescents (Schor, 2004). ... After reviewing the available literature on branding and young consumers, the IOM Committee on Food Marketing to Children and Youth ...