偉大的海: 地中海世界人文史(全新校訂版)

偉大的海: 地中海世界人文史(全新校訂版)
ISBN-10
9860693684
ISBN-13
9789860693683
Category
History (General)
Pages
968
Language
Chinese
Published
2024-01-16
Publisher
讀書共和國╱廣場出版
Author
大衛.阿布拉菲雅

Description

《星期日泰晤士報》2011年年度選書歷史著作榜首

《經濟學人》2011年歷史類最佳圖書

Amazon網站2011年10月當月選書

2011年英國國家學院傑出成就獎

繼布勞岱爾的《地中海史》之後,最重要的地中海史著作

 

  地中海,文化薈萃與交會之地

  地中海連接著歐洲、亞洲和非洲,數千年來一直是宗教、經濟和政治體系相遇、碰撞、互相影響和融合的地方。在這本精彩而廣博的著作中,作者提供了一個新鮮的視角,他專注於海洋本身:它在運輸和糧食供應上實際的重要性;它在帝國興衰中的動態角色;以及那些曾經穿越並反覆橫渡它的人物群像——水手、商人、移民、海盜、朝聖者。

 

  一部人類互動的歷史

  從史前時代到21世紀,《偉大的海》首先是一部人類互動的歷史。阿布拉菲雅將主要的政治和海軍發展,與貿易的漲落交織在一起,探索了地中海商業競爭如何創造了競爭與合作,商人們作為不同文化之間的中介,交易著在海的一側是異國情調而在另一側卻司空見慣的商品。他強調地中海文化保持文明理想的凸顯能力,即「共同生活」。

 

  港口城市的文化交融

  地中海一直是許多不同民族和宗教群體的交匯處,他們居住在其海岸和島嶼上——在遙遠的古代,有希臘人、伊特魯里亞人、腓尼基人;後世則有猶太人、基督徒和穆斯林。這些群體聚集在地中海周圍的港口城市,如古代的馬賽、中世紀的巴勒莫和亞歷山大港,現代的利沃諾和士麥那,他們不僅在高等文化層面上相互交流,也在日常生活中相互影響。一方面,中世紀時期通過穆斯林和基督教西班牙傳遞了醫學和天文學知識;另一方面,地中海各大港口的商人和水手在做生意時和平相處,彼此尊重。他們經常能夠跨越爭奪海洋控制權的敵對競爭者之間的界限,在基督教和穆斯林土地之間移動,受到當地統治者的保護。

 

  一個關於貿易和衝突的史詩故事

  在本書中,大衛.阿布拉菲雅講述了地中海上人類的全程歷史。從20000多年前直布羅陀的克羅馬儂人洞穴居民開始,一直延伸到現代,他將大海視為「液態大陸」,一個人們居住和旅行的地方——貿易、文化交流和帝國建設在這裡與海流、潮汐和天氣模式一樣,是生活的關鍵力量。其中巧妙地描繪了地中海如何始終足夠廣大,能讓文化保持分隔,從而讓它們有空間作為獨特實體蓬勃發展,但它從未如此之大,以至於讓不同的文化無法互動。結果是一個關於貿易和衝突的史詩故事,展示了語言、宗教、法律和其他人類焦點問題的差異,如何激發了我們今天簡單地認為是文化的許多內容。

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