Also, see Michael Pfau and Allan Louden, “Effectiveness of Ad-Watch Formats in Deflecting Political Attack Ads,” Communication Research 21 (1994): 325–41. This article demonstrates that the full-screen format has significant boomerang ...
Drawing on both laboratory experiments and the real world of America's presidential, gubernatorial, and congressional races, the authors show that negative advertising drives down voter turnout - in some cases...
Citing the dangers associated with negative political advertising, a detailed study identifies its link to low voter turnout and discrimination
The authors use both laboratory experiments and case studies to show how negative advertising drives down voter turnout.
Going Negative: How Carbon Sinks Could Cost the Earth