Menopause affects the quality of life for women, sometimes severely. The symptoms can be addressed by treatment with steroids, namely, an oestrogen alone or an oestrogen with a progestin. The treatment is called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, for years, HRT has been associated with side effects, for instance, an increased risk of breast or endometrial cancer and stroke. The potentially positive effect of reducing some forms of heart disease is still a matter of debate, while the HRT-related decrease in bone fracture/osteoporosis is more certain. The rise, fall and current status of HRT is summarized in this chapter.
The book explains basic principles, then compares and contrasts approaches to both biopharmaceuticals (proteins) and small molecule drugs, presenting an overview of the business and management issues of these approaches.
Successful drugs have a good return on investment by bringing in considerably more revenue than the expenses of discovery, development, and manufacturing.
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) represent a group of about 50 genetic disorders caused by deficiencies of lysosomal proteins.
HER2 (ErbB-2) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation.
The renal hormone erythropoietin (Epo) is essential for the viability and proliferation of the erythrocytic progenitors generating reticulocytes in the bone marrow.
The second part of the book gives an overview of privileged cyclic small molecules and major classes of natural product-derived small molecules, including carbohydrate-derived compounds, peptides and peptidomimetics, and alkaloid-inspired ...
Moreover, data from preclinical rodent disease models and isolated human pancreatic islets suggested that these novel agents could preserve pancreatic β-cell function and thus impede disease progression.
A brief introduction to cholesterol and lipoproteins is followed by a short account of the types of drugs which reduce cholesterol levels (bile sequestrants, hypocholesterolaemics, fibrates as acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) ...
The development of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) and their inclusion in highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) marked the beginning of a treatment breakthrough in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired ...
Parallel studies in septic shock and cancer led to the discovery of the endogenous factors named cachectin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), respectively, that were shown to be structurally and functionally similar.