Preclinical animal research has contributed greatly to our understanding of numerous human disease states and will continue to provide a method for investigating the various biochemical events, physiological processes, and behavioral implications of various diseases. For substance abuse and dependence, this research has enabled scientists to gain a greater understanding of the neurochemical events involved in the brain's response to drugs, both licit and illicit, and to provide a means by which to design and test novel pharmaco-therapeutic interventions. To enable these discoveries, scientists have developed numerous animal models that attempt to replicate human drug addiction. The current review explores two popular Pavlovian conditioning procedures, conditioned place preference and conditioned taste aversion, which are used to investigate the rewarding and aversive effects (respectively) of drugs of abuse. For each procedure, a brief history of the field is followed by the advantages of the procedures and a step-by-step explanation of each procedure's conditioning protocol.
Lammert, M., & Timberlake, E. M. (1986). Termination of foster care for the older adolescent: Issues of emancipation and individuation.
Dou, L., E. Bertrand, C. Cerini, V. Faure, J. Sampol, R. Vanholder, Y. Berland, P. Brunet. ... A. Timberlake, B. Sumpio, R. Pfragner, I. M. Modlin, M. Kidd.
Chendrasekhar A, Moorman DW, Timberlake GA. An evaluation of the effects of ... Chittiboina P, Wylen E, Ogden A, et al. Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the ...
Hartmann LC, Radisky DC, Frost MH, et al. Understanding the premalignant potential of ... D'Alfonso TM, Wang K, Chiu YL, et al. Pathologic upgrade rates on ...
Stensland, J., Speedie, S., Ideker, M., House, J., & Thompson, T. (1999). The relative cost of outpatient ... Deal, J. L. (1987). Appraisal and diagnosis of ...
1 2 Howard, S. and Johnson, B. (2000) Resilient and Non-resilient Behaviour in ... 4 De Haan, L., Hawley, D. and Deal, J. (2002) 'Operationalizing family ...
... are not fluent in the language/s of the medical care provider.72 Research ... Anglo-Americans have traditionally placed a great deal of emphasis on the ...
This practical guide thoroughly discusses both well-established and new interventions that are applied to the spine for the purpose of pain relief.
Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable.
If a picture paints a thousand words, imagine what video can do? Pearson Medical Assisting Videos help users learn the nuances and the details of many medical assisting procedures.