Critical or creative thinking is simply thinking of a higher order by persons informed by fact and logic, insight and empathy. It is necessary for problem solving, invention, and achievement. Every child has the ability to be a thinker. Thinking is an act and, as such, improves with practice. The curriculum and the teacher can help student thinking in several ways: (1) The teacher can set up projects that require thoughtful planning and execution. (2) Encouragement can be offered by the teacher when children try to exercise their mental powers. (3) Students can be given constructive feedback--the classroom should be an arena in which students are active and dialogue takes place. (4) Quantitative results can be downplayed without neglecting standards. (5) A key word should be cooperation--students should see themselves, not others, as the primary competitor. A brief review of the literature is provided, followed by a discussion of the kind of classroom environment that promotes thinking. The document then describes the social studies curriculum grade by grade and discusses, using concrete examples, how critical thinking can be integrated into the learning process. A 28-item bibliography is included. (JB)
This book presents essays by ten eminent psychologists, educators, and philosophers that unite classical and modern theories of thought with the latest practical approaches to the learning and teaching of thinking skills.
This book sets out the theory and outlines a model for implementing the teaching of thinking at whole-school, group and individual levels in inclusive settings.
Its context is a variety of changes in education that brought the explicit teaching of thinking to the consciousness of more and more teachers and administrators.
Practical Strategies for the Teaching of Thinking
Feuerstein , R .; Rand , Y .; Hoffman , M. B .; and Miller , R. Instrumental Enrichment . Baltimore : University Park Press , 1980 . 5. Feuerstein , R .; Rand , Y .; Hoffman , M. B .; Hoffman , M .; and Miller , R. “ Cognitive ...
Originally published in 1989 the purpose of this title was to provide information and ideas for: Staff Developers and Teacher Educators, as they consider program content to prepare teachers to teach thinking skills.
This book presents a framework for teaching skills that reflects new research on thinking, teaching for understanding, and instruction in the language arts and content areas at all levels. The...
Critical Thinking and Thinking Skills: State of the Art Definitions and Practice in Public Schools
This book explains the essential elements of critical thinking and why it is integral to the lifelong process of becoming educated.
This famous book gives teachers a manageable framework for empowering students with thinking skills - the ability to reason, to make informed judgments, to critically evaluate information and to think creatively.