我的孩子是自閉症嗎?想要開啟自閉症孩子的異常天賦,
本書從自閉症信號、自閉症的檢查與診斷、
目前醫學界對自閉症的確切病因尚無定論,
家長不僅應該掌握自閉症的第一手資料,
▌自閉症的定義
自閉症又稱「孤獨症」,是指由於神經系統發育障礙,
1.在多種場合下,社交交流和社交互動方面存在持續性的缺陷,
a.在社交互動中使用非語言交流行為的缺陷。例如,
b.社交情感互動中的缺陷。例如,
c.發展維持和理解維持以及理解人際關係的缺陷。例如,
2.受限的,重複的行為模式、興趣或活動,
a.刻板或重複的軀體運動,使用物體或言語,例如,
b.高度受限的固定興趣,其強度和專注度方面是異常的,例如,
c.堅持相同性,
d.對感覺輸入的過度反應或反應不足,
3.症狀必須存在於發育早期(
4.這些症狀導致社交、
5.智力障礙和自閉症譜系障礙常同時顯現,
▌自閉症的發病原因
僅從字面上理解「自閉症」這三個字,
一般認為自閉症的患病原因是大腦功能及神經系統發育存在障礙,
▌遺傳因素
研究表明,整體而言,倘若一名家庭成員患有自閉症,那麼,
因此,目前很多學者認為自閉症是多種因素導致的,是一種多基因、
▌神經生物學因素
研究人員已經發現正常嬰幼兒與自閉症嬰幼兒的許多生理生化差異,
▌疾病因素
1.孕婦懷孕期間病毒感染可能導致自閉症:
2.新陳代謝疾病:
3.腦傷:
4.孕婦的免疫系統疾病:可能也增加了患自閉症的風險。
▌理解自閉症孩子
為了更好地理解自閉症孩子,您不妨從以下幾點做起!
1.不要按照常規的社交技能理解他們
自閉症孩子難以理解和揣摩別人的心理,
2.重要的事情用圖片或文字表示
自閉症孩子對於別人的話語理解起來比較困難,
3.冷靜溫柔地和他說話
自閉症孩子不擅長應對別人突然大聲地和他講話等突發事件。
4.如果順利完成什麼事情的話要表揚他
如果遵守了約定、拜託他的事情他完成了,要表揚他「做得真棒呀」
5.在某種程度上接納特有的動作
一直重複說同一件事、不停地轉圈……
6.回答他問題的時候要有禮貌
雖然自閉症孩子不擅長對話,
7.把他們當做外國人來理解
情感、感覺、價值觀互不相同,說話也很難互相聽懂……
本書特色
專業──作者在對國內外兒童自閉症相關研究進行分析的基礎上,
詳細──自閉症的確診率逐年提高,
實用──本書從自閉症信號、認識自閉症、自閉症的檢查與診斷、
Filipek , P.A. , Accardo , P.J. , Ashwal , S. , Baranek , G.T. , Cook , E.H. , Jr. , Dawson , G. , Gordon , B. , Gravel , J.S. , Johnson , C.P. , Kallen , R.J. , Levy , S.E. , Minshew , N.J. , Ozonoff , S. , Prizant , B.M. , Rapin , I.
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